Hepatitis

Types of Hepatitis

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is an acute viral infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. It usually ends in complete recovery.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids. The chronic form can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral disease that often progresses to a chronic stage. It affects the liver and can lead to severe complications.

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis D usually occurs in patients already infected with Hepatitis B, as the Hepatitis B virus is required for its development. It worsens the course of the disease and accelerates complications.

Causes and Transmission

Viral hepatitis can be transmitted in various ways. Most commonly, infection occurs through contaminated water or food, or when the virus enters the bloodstream during medical procedures or the use of non-sterile instruments. In some cases, infection can be passed from mother to child during childbirth.

Symptoms

Key symptoms of hepatitis depend on the type and stage of the disease. In the acute stage, patients often experience:

• High fever;

• Nausea and vomiting;

• Pain in the right upper abdomen;

• Fatigue and weakness;

• Dark urine and pale stools;

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes.

Chronic hepatitis may remain asymptomatic for a long time or present with general weakness, digestive issues, and occasional liver pain.

Complications

Without timely treatment, hepatitis can lead to serious consequences:

• Liver cirrhosis;

• Liver failure;

• Hepatocellular carcinoma;

• Chronic body intoxication;

• Ascites and internal bleeding.

Complications are particularly dangerous in chronic viral hepatitis B and C, which require continuous medical monitoring.

Diagnosis

Effective diagnosis of hepatitis includes several mandatory steps.

Laboratory Diagnostics

General and biochemical blood tests confirm inflammation and liver damage.

Instrumental Diagnostics

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs helps assess liver size and structure. In some cases, elastometry or MRI may be prescribed.

Biochemical Blood Test

This test detects elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin, and changes in blood protein composition.

Viral Antigen Detection

The primary method is the identification of viral antigens and antibodies via ELISA and PCR, which allows accurate determination of the type and activity of viral hepatitis.

Treatment

Modern Treatment Methods

Hepatitis treatment in Russia is based on modern antiviral medications. Sofosbuvir-based regimens are widely used for Hepatitis C treatment. Patients with Hepatitis B receive long-term antiviral therapy. Free treatment programs are available at federal clinics in Russia.

Treatment is individually tailored and may include:

• Antiviral drugs;

• Immunomodulators;

• Hepatoprotectors;

• Symptomatic therapy.

Treatment cost depends on the disease form, duration, and medications used. Free therapy may be available through state programs.

Side Effects and Safety

Modern medications significantly reduce side effects. However, some patients may experience:

• Headaches;

• Weakness;

• Sleep disturbances;

• Gastrointestinal issues.

Doctors closely monitor patient responses to adjust treatment as needed.

Lifestyle Recommendations During Therapy

During therapy, it is essential to follow medical advice:

• Avoid alcohol;

• Follow a diet excluding fatty and heavy foods;

• Take prescribed medications regularly;

• Limit physical activity.

A healthy lifestyle improves treatment outcomes and speeds up recovery.

The MARUS platform helps patients from various countries arrange hepatitis treatment at leading clinics in Russia. We select specialized doctors and provide support at all stages — from consultation to the end of therapy. With MARUS, you can focus on your recovery without worrying about organizational issues.

Prognosis

With timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy, hepatitis prognosis is favorable. Modern drugs can achieve full recovery from acute hepatitis and sustained remission in chronic forms. Hepatitis treatment in Russia is becoming increasingly accessible thanks to federal programs and effective treatment protocols.

Prevention

Hepatitis prevention includes:

• Vaccination against Hepatitis A and B;

• Observing personal hygiene rules;

• Using disposable medical instruments;

• Avoiding unprotected sexual contacts;

• Ensuring safe food and water quality.

Preventive programs in Russia actively aim to reduce the spread of viral hepatitis.

Rehabilitation

After completing therapy, patients are recommended to undergo rehabilitation, including:

• Balanced nutrition;

• Intake of vitamins and supportive medications;

• Moderate physical activity;

• Psychological support and medical follow-up for one year.

Proper rehabilitation helps fully restore liver function and prevent relapses.