Oncohematology

Causes and Characteristics of Hematologic Malignancies

Blood cancers often arise due to genetic mutations, bone marrow dysfunction, or immune system disorders. The most common diagnoses include:

• Acute and chronic leukemias
• Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas
• Multiple myeloma
• Myelodysplastic syndromes
• Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Hematologic cancers can affect both adults and children and often require long-term, multi-stage treatment.

Diagnostics in Oncohematology

Accurate diagnosis is critical for selecting the optimal treatment strategy. Advanced laboratory and imaging techniques are used, including:

• Complete and extended blood tests
• Bone marrow examination (trephine biopsy, sternal puncture)
• Immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic testing (e.g. BCR-ABL, JAK2, FLT3 mutations)
• PET-CT, MRI, and CT scans
• Tumor marker and cytokine level testing

Timely and precise diagnostics help identify the disease stage and determine the most effective course of treatment.

Treatment Methods in Hematologic Oncology

Treatment plans are developed individually based on diagnosis, patient age, general health, and genetic features of the disease. Common approaches include:

Treatment plans are developed individually based on diagnosis, patient age, general health, and genetic features of the disease. Common approaches include:

• Chemotherapy based on international protocols
• Targeted therapy (e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies)
• Immunotherapy (including checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy)
• Bone marrow transplantation (autologous or allogeneic)
• Supportive care: management of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and infection prevention

A combination of therapies helps achieve sustained remission, even in aggressive forms of hematologic cancers.

Hematologic Cancer Treatment in Russia with MARUS

Major Russian clinics and national medical centers specialize in hematologic oncology and follow international treatment standards. Patients benefit from modern facilities, multidisciplinary teams, and access to advanced therapies.

The MARUS medical tourism platform helps international patients receive hematologic cancer treatment at top clinics in Russia — from initial consultation and document translation to visa assistance and in-person support throughout the journey.