Skin cancer — Treatment in Russia

Skin cancer

Skin cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases in the world, and its incidence continues to rise. These are malignant tumors originating from skin cells due to various factors, from UV exposure to genetic predisposition. While many forms grow slowly and are treatable, even a small spot on the skin can become a serious health threat if ignored.

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What Is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is a malignant neoplasm that develops from epidermal cells due to external or internal damaging factors. It arises from a disruption in cellular division and renewal, leading to uncontrolled growth. Without timely treatment, tumors may infiltrate deep tissues, affect nearby structures, and spread through the lymphatic or circulatory systems, forming metastases.

Types of Skin Cancer:

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common and least aggressive form, slow-growing, rarely metastasizes, but can destroy surrounding tissue.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Arises from keratinocytes, more aggressive, can metastasize to lymph nodes, often develops in sun-exposed or scarred areas.
Melanoma: The most dangerous form, arises from melanocytes, grows rapidly, metastasizes early, and has high mortality if diagnosed late.

Symptoms:

New or changing spots or moles
Irregular shape, uneven borders, multiple colors
Non-healing ulcers or crusts
Bleeding or itching
Enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue (advanced stages)

Causes and Risk Factors:

UV radiation (sun, tanning beds)
Fair skin type
Numerous or atypical moles
Age over 50
Genetic predisposition
Chronic skin inflammation
Immunodeficiency
Chemical exposure

Diagnosis:

Visual Examination
Dermatoscopy
Biopsy (histological confirmation)
CT, MRI, Ultrasound (to assess spread)
Laboratory Tests

Treatment Options:

Conservative: Topical therapies, cryotherapy, chemotherapy
Surgical: Standard excision or Mohs surgery
Targeted Therapy: Especially for BRAF V600 mutations in melanoma
Immunotherapy: Checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines

Prognosis:

Depends on the type and stage. BCC and SCC have high cure rates when treated early. Melanoma is more dangerous but treatable if diagnosed in time.

Prevention:

Avoid sun exposure (10 am–4 pm)
Use SPF 30+ sunscreen
Wear protective clothing
Regular skin checks
Avoid tanning beds
See a dermatologist if you notice any skin changes

Consequences (if untreated):

Recurrence
Scarring
Metastasis
Functional impairment
Early diagnosis and treatment greatly improve outcomes. The MARUS platform helps patients find qualified clinics and doctors in Russia, offering full support from consultation to recovery.

Oncology

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant and benign tumors. An oncologist investigates the causes of neoplasm formation, develops methods for their prevention, and selects effective treatment strategies. Modern achievements allow for the detection of diseases at early stages, significantly increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Oncohematology

This is is a specialized field of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancers affecting the blood and lymphatic systems. It is one of the most complex and rapidly advancing areas of oncology, where accurate diagnostics, timely therapy, and an individualized approach are essential.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that studies the structure, functions, and diseases of the eyes, as well as methods for their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. An ophthalmologist is responsible for vision correction, the treatment of infectious, inflammatory, and degenerative eye diseases, as well as performing surgeries, including laser vision correction and cataract surgery.

Dentistry

Dentistry is a field of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the teeth, gums, and other oral structures. Modern technologies and treatment methods make dental care accessible and effective. In Russia, this branch of medicine is rapidly developing, offering patients a wide range of services and specialists. A dentist is a doctor who treats diseases of the teeth and oral cavity. Their specialization may vary depending on their education and experience. Some doctors specialize in specific areas, such as orthodontics (bite correction) or periodontology (gum treatment), while others handle general procedures. Dentists can work in both public clinics and private dental centers, offering various services to patients.

All medical specialties

Discover the full range of medical specialties available in Russia for international patients. Select the area you’re interested in and learn how treatment is delivered at top Russian clinics.

Care Assistants

We’re here not just to arrange treatment in Russia — but to be with you every step of the way. At MARUS, a personal assistant who speaks your language will guide and support you — from your first consultation to your safe return home.