Osteoarthritis

Causes of Osteoarthritis

Many factors contribute to the development of the disease. The main ones include:

• Age-related changes and natural joint wear;

• Excess body weight;

• Previous injuries and surgeries;

• Congenital joint abnormalities;

• Inflammatory processes;

• Occupational and sports overload;

• Genetic predisposition.

A combination of several factors significantly increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

The disease develops gradually. The main symptoms include:

• Pain during movement, worsening in the evening;

• Joint cracking sounds;

• Stiffness after rest;

• Limited range of motion;

• Swelling, especially after exertion;

• Visible deformity in later stages.

Without treatment, symptoms progress and the patient's quality of life declines. 

Stages of Osteoarthritis

• Early stage — moderate pain after exertion, no persistent changes;

• Second stage — pronounced pain, limited mobility, onset of deformity;

• Third stage — constant pain, severe deformity, joint is almost non-functional.

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis

To diagnose osteoarthritis, the doctor takes a medical history, performs an examination, and prescribes instrumental studies, such as:

• X-ray — to assess the extent of joint damage;

• Joint ultrasound — to examine soft tissue condition;

• MRI — to clarify diagnosis at early stages;

• Laboratory tests — to rule out inflammatory diseases.

Treatment Methods for Osteoarthritis

Treatment is selected individually and depends on the stage of the disease. The goal is to slow degeneration, relieve pain, and preserve joint function.

Medication Treatment

The following are used:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);

• Chondroprotectors;

• Muscle relaxants;

• Analgesics;

• Drugs to improve microcirculation.

Physiotherapeutic Methods

These reduce inflammation and pain and improve tissue metabolism. Effective methods include:

• Magnetotherapy;

• Laser therapy;

• Shockwave therapy;

• Electrophoresis;

• Ultrasound.

Surgical Methods

Used in advanced cases:

• Arthroscopy — removal of damaged areas;

• Osteotomy — realignment of limb axis;

• Joint replacement — replacing the joint with a prosthesis.

Injection Therapy

Intra-articular injections are popular, including:

• Hyaluronic acid;

• Glucocorticosteroids;

• PRP therapy (platelet-rich plasma).

Reflexotherapy

A supplementary method that stimulates regeneration and relieves pain.

Massage

Improves blood circulation and tissue nutrition, reduces muscle tension and swelling.

Benefits of Sanatorium Treatment

Sanatoriums offer a full range of recovery procedures. These include not only physiotherapy but also climatotherapy, diet, therapeutic exercise, and hydrotherapy. The setting promotes relaxation, stress reduction, and overall well-being.

Sanatorium Treatment Methods

• Mud applications;

• Mineral baths;

• Kinesiotherapy;

• Individual rehabilitation programs.

Treating Grade 3 Osteoarthritis Without Surgery

Even in severe cases, stabilization is possible without surgery. It's crucial to follow the doctor’s recommendations, combining physiotherapy, medication, and orthopedic aids (knee braces, canes, orthopedic insoles). A comprehensive approach helps reduce pain and preserve mobility.

The Role of Nutrition in Osteoarthritis

Proper nutrition plays a supportive role in therapy. The diet should be balanced in proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It is recommended to:

• Eat more vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins;

• Avoid fried, salty foods and canned products;

• Control weight to reduce joint load;

• Drink plenty of water.

Prevention of Osteoarthritis

Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight;

• Regular physical activity without overstrain;

• Prompt treatment and management of injuries;

• Wearing comfortable shoes;

• Following a proper work-rest regimen.

Adhering to these recommendations helps lower the risk of osteoarthritis and maintain joint health.

Possible Complications

Without treatment, serious complications may develop:

• Complete loss of joint mobility;

• Chronic pain;

• Inflammation of surrounding tissues;

• Decreased quality of life and work capacity.

The earlier the therapy begins, the higher the chances of halting joint destruction and avoiding surgery.

How the MARUS Platform Helps

If you are looking for a reliable clinic and qualified specialist, the MARUS platform can help organize osteoarthritis treatment in Russia. We partner with leading medical centers that offer both classic and modern therapeutic methods. MARUS handles all logistics: doctor selection, appointment coordination, patient support, and translation services.

The patient receives not only access to high-quality medical care but also a full-service experience—from airport transfer to post-treatment support. We help make your medical journey comfortable and effective.