Surgery

Modern Surgical Methods

Modern surgical techniques differ significantly from traditional ones. In Russia, minimally invasive surgeries such as laparoscopy and arthroscopy are widely used, helping to shorten postoperative recovery and minimize complications. Robotic surgery, laser, and ultrasound technologies offer new possibilities for treating complex diseases. In addition, the implementation of intraoperative neuromonitoring, 3D visualization, and navigation systems increases the precision of surgical procedures and enhances patient safety.

Surgical Specialties and Subspecialties

Surgery encompasses many specialized fields. Key areas include abdominal surgery, vascular surgery, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, oncologic surgery, plastic surgery, and more. In Russia, there are numerous clinics specializing in each of these areas, providing high-quality care. Additional fields include thoracic surgery, transplant surgery, pediatric surgery, urology, endocrine surgery, ophthalmic surgery, and maxillofacial surgery—each requiring deep specialization and high physician expertise.

Diseases Treated by Surgeons

Abdominal Surgery

Abdominal surgery focuses on treating diseases of the abdominal organs, including appendicitis, hernias, pancreatitis, and other gastrointestinal tract conditions. It also covers the treatment of peptic ulcers, stomach and intestinal tumors, and inflammatory diseases requiring emergency surgery.

Oncology

Surgical treatment of cancer includes removing tumors and affected tissues, often a crucial factor in successful cancer management. Surgery is also used for biopsies, palliative procedures, and reconstruction after tumor removal, including the use of plastic surgery techniques.

Plastic Surgery

This surgical field focuses on restoring and improving the patient’s appearance, correcting defects after injuries and surgeries, and addressing age-related changes. It includes both reconstructive and aesthetic procedures aimed at improving quality of life and psychological well-being.

Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery assists in the fight against obesity, reducing the risk of related conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The most common procedures are sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, and gastric banding. These operations not only promote weight loss but also help stabilize metabolic processes.

Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive method for diagnosing and treating joint diseases, allowing for rapid postoperative recovery. It is used for injuries to the knee, shoulder, hip, and other joints. The procedure enables the removal of damaged tissues, ligament repairs, or the removal of loose bodies within the joint.

When to See a Surgeon

Symptoms and Warning Signs

You should consult a surgeon if you experience acute pain, the appearance of masses or lumps, injuries, or chronic conditions requiring surgical treatment, such as hernias or varicose veins. Other reasons to see a surgeon include organ dysfunction, unexplained weight loss, purulent inflammations, and suspected tumors.

Diagnostics in Surgery

Diagnostics in surgery include a wide range of instrumental and laboratory methods: ultrasound, X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopy, and blood tests. Modern technologies enable accurate assessment of internal organs, precise localization and characterization of pathologies, and the selection of the best treatment strategy.

Surgical Treatment Methods

Types of Surgeries

Surgeries can be divided into minimally invasive and open procedures. Minimally invasive surgeries are characterized by minimal trauma and rapid recovery, while open surgeries are necessary for extensive damage and complex pathologies. Modern surgery increasingly favors laparoscopic and robot-assisted techniques, which reduce postoperative complications and improve long-term outcomes.

Elective and Emergency Surgery

Elective surgery involves pre-scheduled operations to treat chronic conditions or correct defects. Emergency surgery, on the other hand, is required for acute conditions that pose an immediate threat to life and demand urgent intervention. Elective procedures allow for comprehensive preoperative preparation, while emergency surgeries focus on saving lives as quickly as possible.

Surgical Consultation and Examination

A surgical consultation is a crucial step in diagnostics and surgical planning. During the appointment, the surgeon gathers the patient’s medical history, performs a physical examination, and orders the necessary tests. The Marus medical tourism platform can help you find the best surgeon in Russia, considering not only medical indications but also the individual characteristics of each patient, ensuring the most effective treatment. A well-organized consultation helps minimize risks, determine the need for surgery, and predict outcomes accurately.