Colitis

Classification and Types

There are several main forms of the disease:

• Acute colitis – develops rapidly, often associated with infection, intoxication, or severe dietary errors.

• Chronic colitis – long-term inflammation that may alternate with periods of remission.

• Ulcerative colitis – a severe form with ulcer formation on the intestinal mucosa.

• Infectious colitis – caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

• Ischemic colitis – associated with impaired blood supply to the intestine.

The disease is also classified by localization: right-sided, left-sided, or total.

Symptoms of Colitis

Symptoms may vary depending on the form but most commonly include:

• abdominal pain (lower abdomen or along the colon);

• diarrhea or constipation;

• presence of blood, mucus, or pus in the stool;

• bloating and abdominal rumbling;

• general malaise and fever.

Chronic colitis may also lead to weight loss and anemia.

Causes of Colitis

The main causes include intestinal infections, dietary disorders, long-term use of certain medications, autoimmune processes, stress, and weakened immunity.
A hereditary predisposition is also noted, which increases the risk of ulcerative or chronic inflammatory processes.

Diagnosis

To establish an accurate diagnosis, the doctor conducts an interview, examination, and prescribes tests: coprogram, bacteriological stool analysis, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and mucosal biopsy. These methods help determine the nature and extent of inflammation and rule out other intestinal diseases.

Treatment Methods

The therapeutic approach depends on the cause, form, and stage of the disease. In early stages, outpatient treatment is possible; in severe cases, hospitalization is required. Treatment may include diet, medications, physiotherapy, and in some cases, surgery.

Main treatment directions:

• elimination of the underlying cause (infection, dietary errors, side effects of medications);

• anti-inflammatory therapy to reduce swelling and pain;

• normalization of bowel movements and restoration of intestinal microflora;

• immune support and prevention of relapses.

Complications

Untreated colitis may lead to colon perforation, massive bleeding, adhesion formation, and chronic anemia. Ulcerative colitis increases the risk of colorectal cancer.

Prognosis and Prevention

With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. Prevention includes a balanced diet, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, treatment of intestinal infections, monitoring medication use, and regular check-ups for those with chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

Specific Features of Colitis in Children

In children, colitis often has an acute course and may be associated with infections, food poisoning, or intolerance to certain products. Symptoms include abdominal pain, frequent loose stools, and fever. Treatment in children requires especially careful medication selection and strict adherence to diet.

Colitis Treatment in Russia

Clinics

In Russia, treatment is provided in both private and public medical centers:

• Scandinavia Clinic – specializes in comprehensive diagnostics and therapy, including endoscopic examinations, personalized diet planning, and medication treatment.

• MEDSI Clinic Network – offers modern diagnostic methods, prescription of anti-inflammatory and restorative drugs, as well as outpatient follow-up.

• SP Botkin MMNC – a large multidisciplinary center providing full examination and treatment for patients with acute, chronic, and complicated forms of colitis.

Cost

The cost depends on the form of the disease, scope of diagnostics, and chosen therapy. On average, consultation and examinations range from $35 to $100, and a treatment course starts from $180 and above. Prices in major cities of Russia are higher than in regional centers.

MARUS Assistance

The MARUS service helps patients choose the right clinic, arrange consultations, and receive treatment from specialized doctors. Support includes assistance in selecting a physician, coordinating examinations, and providing guidance throughout all stages of therapy, which is especially convenient for patients from other regions.